Chapter 5 notes
5.1
Transportation
improvements-
-
-
National Road-
settlers can head west easier
-
Steam Engine
§
Two way river
transportation
§
Later, railroad
created
-
All allow goods
to be shipped faster and thus cheaper
Industrial Revolution-
-
switch from
handmade to machine made goods
-
faster = cheaper
-
started in
-
interchangeable
parts- a part of this, make a bunch of one part and then assemble the item
later instead of doing one at a time
Communication-
-
telegraph- Samuel
Morse, news spreads faster
Immigration-
-
increases during
early 1800s
-
many
anti-immigrant groups rise (nativists)
-
they compete for
jobs with “native” Americans
Agriculture- before
-
north = grain
-
upper south =
tobacco
-
lower south =
rice
-
new = cotton
Cotton Gin-
-
Eli Whitney,
pulls seeds from cotton faster
-
Doesn’t take as
many workers to pull seeds, can put them to work in the fields
-
More workers in
the fields mean farms can get bigger
-
By 1860, cotton
is chief
-
-
South is still
rural and will continue to be that way
Slavery-
-
↑ despite
end of foreign slave trade
-
30% of whites
owned slaves, 10% of this owned 20 or more (2% of total)
-
most slaves on
small farms
Nat Turner-
-
educated slave,
could read/write
-
led revolt, follers kill 50+ whites
-
result
o
illegal to
educate slaves
o
lose freedom to
move on own
-
free blacks must
register certificate of freedom
-
born out of
state, must file $1000 bond to ensure he won’t become a “charge of the state”
-
banned from
voting, serving in militia, testify in court
-
captured run-away
slave could get 35 lashes in IL
-
1818 constitution
called for slaves in IL to be released at adulthood (18 females, 21 males), no
more slaves brought in (NW Ordinace)
5.2
-
wants to be a
slave state
-
afraid adding
another slave state would throw off balance of power in the Senate (more slave
states than
-
North- doesn’t want slavery to expand b/c of moral issues
-
South- wants slavery
to expand so anti-slave states won’t be out #ed in the Senate
-
Result-
-
MO slave state
-
ME free state
-
Slavery
prohibited in
Andrew Jacson-
-
from south and
west (TN), Democrat
Nullification Crisis
-
high tariff
placed on British goods
-
SC needs foreign
goods, says tariff not fair, threatens to secede
-
Calhoun, VP from
SC, proposes idea that states created the gov’t, so
they can declare a law null and void
-
1832, new tariff,
SC nullifies it, won’t enforce it
-
-
Irony- Jackson, Dem, favors states rights, but not at the
expense of the union
Indian Removal Act-
-
move eastern
Indians to OK
-
Sup Court ordered
gov’t to respect
-
-
Trail of Tears-
thousands die on the trip to
Whigs-
New party, supports strong govt, not big on slavery
5.3
Mormons-
-
started by Joseph
Smith
-
successful
settlement in IL, forced west to
Slavery-
-
increasing
vilified in north
-
Abolitionists- want slavery ended
-
Northerners- many dislike slavery but don’t want to see
emancipation
·
Would cause large
#s of blacks to move north and compete for jobs
-
Southerners- slavery is vital to the southern economy
5.4
Manifest Destiny-
-
idea US should be
Squatters
Some
of first western settlers, live on but not own the
land
Trails-
Most used routes west, like the
o
Americans settle
here big time
o
don’t have to pay
taxes for 10 years but have to be Catholic, pledge allegiance to
o
-
-
Texans eventually
win
o
o
Wants to be part
of the
Why not annex
-
slave state,
throws off the balance in the Senate
-
fear conflict
with
-
Mexican War
-
War goes well for
the
-
Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo
§
US gets CA, NV,
AZ, UT, NM, CO, WY
§
-
Later- US gets Gadsen Purchase
§
Little strip of
so. NM/AZ for $10 million
§
Guilt trip?