Ch 6 Notes
World History
Expansion-
-
-
13th century- Marco Polo went to
-
14th century- overland trade from
o sea route needed
Why?-
- money
o lots
to be made off trade w/
- spread religion to the non-Christians
- individual glory
How possible now?-
- kings had a bunch of money to spend on other stuff, take chances elsewhere
- new technology helped make it easier to travel longer
o astrolabe
o compass
o triangular sails- more maneuverable
Portuguese- took the early lead
-
coast of
-
trade to
o Vasco
da Gama- first to reach
o Brings
- Set up small trading posts- not colonies
-
thinks he can sail west and reach
o others think it can’t be done because earth is too big
o he thinks earth is smaller than what others thought
-
convinces Queen Isabella of
o
-
lands in
o calls
the land the
o explores
other areas, never realizes he wasn’t in
Others-
-
John Cabot explores coast of what is now
- Amerigo Vespucci goes along with another guy and writes letters about what he saw
o His
name became synonymous with this land =
Spanish-
-
conquistadors- individual conquerors of the
o Cortes-
defeated the Aztecs in
o Pizarro- defeats the Incas in S. Am
- Forced labor- basically treated as slaves
o Queen authorized use of natives as workers, but not to this degree
-
Deaths- native pop’s of the
o Due to over working, abuse
o Mainly to disease
§ No natural immunity to small pox, measles, etc
§
In 100 yrs,
Economic Impact-
- found lots of gold/silver
- sent back many crops
o potatoes, corn, cocoa, tobacco
-
Others-
-
Spanish in
-
o
o
-
-
o Also-
Colony- settlement of people connected to parent country by trade and gov’t control
- rise of colonies causes rise in international trade
Then countries wanted a- Balance of Trade- try to export more than you import
- US- currently a $670 billion trade deficit (bad?)
Gov’t encouragement-
- tariffs- taxes on imports
o causes imports to be more expensive, people will buy local goods
- subsidies- payments to business
o loans, grants, tax breaks
- fix transportation stuff- better roads, bridges, ports
6.2
Slaves- at first, maily to
- plantations- large farms, grew in the new world, needed more labor
Triangular trade route-
-
finished goods (guns, cloth) to
-
slaves to
-
sugar, tobacco from
o 1500s
275,000 slaves to the
o total- 10 million
o many died during the trip
§ overcrowding, heat, little food/water, disease
Slave sources_
-
at first, bought from local merchants in
- came from prisoners of war from beaten people
Results-
-
areas of
-
these areas to
- Islam/Christianity spread into the region (mainly Islam)
6.3
Mainland
- had developed political systems (kingdoms)
European involvement-
-
Portuguese- take important port city of
o Set up small trading settlements
- Dutch- push out the Portuguese
o Started to exert political control over the islands as well
-
Mainland
o Involved
w/ trade with
o Better developed political systems than the island states